Atopy

What is atopy?
Atopy is a genetic tendency for hypersenstivity to common allergens. This is usually manifested in the skin by a rash (atopic dermatitis). Other manifestations are allergic rhinitis and asthma.

How is asthma treated?
There are 4 main components to the treatment of asthma:
To assess the severity of asthma and to monitor the response to treatment using objective tests of lung function (for example spirometry and peak expiratory flow rate)
The use of medication to reverse and prevent airway inflammation that contributes to the airway narrowing
To take preventive measures to avoid or eliminate factors that induce or trigger asthma flare-ups
Patient education.
Can asthma be cured?
The is no cure for asthma, although the disease can be well controlled by following medical advice. Avoiding factors that aggravate asthma, learning to notice early signs of an asthma episode and knowing when to get medical attention are also important.
What are the main medications used in the treatment of asthma?
Anti-inflammatory agents control airway inflammation thereby keeping the airways open by reducing the swelling and mucus. Steroids are the most effective anti-inflammatory medications for the treatment of asthma and help to prevent asthma attacks from starting. However, oral steroids have side effects including weight gain, high blood pressure, cataracts, weakening of bones and
muscles, and swelling, and therefore should be administered for only short periods of time (when the patient's asthma is out of control). Inhaled steroids are safer and effective and are associated with minimal side effects including oral candidiasis and hoarseness of voice (usually when administered incorrectly). Examples of inhaled steroids include beclomethasone, budesonide and fluticasone.

Bronchodilators work mainly by relaxing the airway muscles to open the airway. They are used to help stop an acute attack after it has started and can be administered orally, inhaled, or by injection (mainly during emergencies). They have little or no effect on airway inflammation. Examples of bronchodilators include beta-agonists (eg salbutamol), methylxanthines (eg theophylline) and anti-cholinergics (eg ipatropium).